Protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

SONG Xiaofang; ZHU Tao; REN Lina; MIAO Jinling; JI Laixi

doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241117-k0003

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Protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Study on Mechanism | 更新时间：2026-03-16

- Protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion Vol. 46, Issue 3, Pages: 402-410(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  运城护理职业学院临床医学系中医教研室，山西运城　044000
  成都中医药大学针灸推拿学院
  山西中医药大学第二临床学院，晋中　030619
  山西省针灸医院针灸四科
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241117-k0003
  CLC：
- Received：17 November 2024，
  
  Online First：06 September 2025，
  
  Published：12 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
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SONG Xiaofang, ZHU Tao, REN Lina, et al. Protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2026, 46(3): 402-410.
DOI：

SONG Xiaofang, ZHU Tao, REN Lina, et al. Protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2026, 46(3): 402-410. DOI： 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241117-k0003.

摘要

目的：

观察电针对慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）大鼠磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路的影响，探讨电针对CAG大鼠胃黏膜的保护机制。

方法：

SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只，随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组、西药组，每组15只，采用四因素综合造模法制备CAG模型，最终每组纳入10只进行干预。电针组予针刺双侧“内关”“足三里”和“中脘”，同侧“内关”和“足三里”为一组连接电子针疗仪，予疏密波，频率10 Hz/50 Hz，电流1～3 mA，以大鼠肢体产生微颤为宜，每次干预20 min；西药组给予350 mg/kg维酶素片溶液灌胃。两组干预均每天1次，连续4周。于造模前、造模后及干预后观察大鼠一般情况；于干预后，HE染色法观察大鼠胃黏膜组织形态；ELISA法检测大鼠血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）Ⅰ、PGⅡ、胃泌素17（GAS-17）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）含量，并计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ值；免疫组化法检测大鼠胃组织PI3K、AKT、mTOR、Beclin-1、微管相关蛋白1A/1B轻链3B（LC3B）蛋白表达；实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠胃组织PI3K、AKT、mTOR、Beclin-1、LC3B mRNA表达。

结果：

与空白组比较，模型组大鼠出现精神萎靡，毛发干枯无光泽且易脱落，饮食量减少，大便不成形，肛周不洁；胃黏膜结构异常，腺体排列紊乱、数量减少并出现萎缩，同时伴随炎性细胞浸

润增多；血清PGⅠ和GAS-17含量、PGⅠ/PGⅡ值与胃组织Beclin-1、LC3B蛋白及mRNA表达降低（

0.01），血清PGⅡ、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量与胃组织PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白及mRNA表达升高（

0.01）。与模型组比较，电针组、西药组大鼠精神状态、毛发光泽度、反应灵敏度及大便性状一般情况改善明显；胃黏膜形态明显改善，腺体数量增多且排列较为整齐，萎缩现象均有不同程度改善，炎性细胞浸润明显减轻；血清PGⅠ和GAS-17含量、PGⅠ/PGⅡ值与胃组织Beclin-1、LC3B蛋白及mRNA表达升高（

0.05，

0.01），血清PGⅡ、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6含量与胃组织PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白及mRNA表达降低（

0.05，

0.01）。电针组与西药组以上情况与指标比较，差异均无统计学意义（

0.05）。

结论：

电针可能通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路，减少炎性因子的释放，提高自噬水平，从而发挥对CAG大鼠胃黏膜的保护作用。

Abstract

Objective

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and explore the protective mechanism of EA on gastric mucosa in CAG rats.

Methods

A total of 60 SPF male SD rats were randomized into a blank group

a model group

an EA group and a western medication group

with 15 rats in each one. Four-factor comprehensive modeling method was used to establish the CAG model

and finally 10 rats in each group were intervened. In the EA group

acupuncture was provided at bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6)

"Zusanli" (ST36) and "Zhongwan" (CV12); and electric stimulation was attached on "Neiguan" (PC6) and "Zusanli" (ST36) unilaterally

with disperse-dense wave

the frequency of 10 Hz/50 Hz

and the current of 1 mA to 3 mA

depending on the slight trembling of the rat limbs. Each intervention with EA took 20 min. In the western medication group

the gavage was operated with vitacoenzyme tablet solution

350 mg/kg. The intervention was given once daily in the two groups and for 4 consecutive weeks. The general conditions of rats were observed before and after modeling

and after intervention completion. At the end of intervention

the morphology of gastric mucosa was observed using HE staining

the levels of serum pepsinogen (PG)Ⅰ

PGⅡ

gastrin-17 (GAS-17)

interleukin-1β (IL-1β)

IL-6 and tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA

and the ratio of PGⅠ/PGⅡ was calculated; the protein expression of PI3K

AKT

mTOR

Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) in the gastric tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry; and the mRNA expression of PI3K

AKT

mTOR

Beclin-1 and LC3B in the gastric tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results

Compared with the blank group

the rats in the model group showed mental malaise

dry and dull hair and hair lose

lower appetite

loose stool and perianal uncleanliness. After intervention

the rats in the model group presented the abnormal structure of gastric mucosa

the disordered arrangement of glands

reduced numbers and atrophic glands

accompanied by the increase in inflammatory cell infiltration. In the model group

the levels of serum PGⅠ and GAS-17

the value of PGⅠ/PGⅡ

and the protein and mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in the gastric tissue decreased (

0.01)

and the levels of serum PGⅡ

IL-1β

TNF-α

and IL-6

and the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K

AKT and mTOR increased (

0.01) compared with those in the blank group. When compared with the model group

in the EA group and the western medication group after intervention

the mental state

color and luster of hair

reaction sensitivity and stool were all improved obviously; the morphology of gastric mucosa was markedly improved

and the number of glands increased

the glands were arranged more neatly

and the atrophic conditions were attenuated to different degrees; and the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. In the EA group and the western medication group

the levels of serum PGⅠ and GAS-17

the value of PGⅠ/ PGⅡ

and the protein and mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3

B in the gastric tissue were elevated (

0.05

0.01)

and the levels of serum PGⅡ

IL-1β

TNF-α

and IL-6

and the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K

AKT and mTOR were reduced (

0.05

0.01) compared with those in the model group. There were no significant differences in the above indexes between the EA group and the western medication group (

0.05).

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture plays a protective effect on gastric mucosa of CAG rats probably by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

reducing the release of inflammatory factors and improving the level of autophagy.

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