Localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglia for the acupoints of governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing

ZHANG Zhen; HE Teng; YAN Jinglan; BU Yu; SHANG Zuoxiang; LI Kangshuai; CHEN Yongjun

doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241209-k0002

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Localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglia for the acupoints of governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing

Study on Mechanism | 更新时间：2026-05-12

- Localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglia for the acupoints of governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing
- Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion Vol. 46, Issue 5, Pages: 805-810(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  山东中医药大学，针灸研究院，济南　250355
  山东中医药大学，中医药创新研究院，济南　250355
  山东中医药大学，中医经典理论教育部重点实验室，济南　250355
  山东中医药大学，中医基础理论创新与应用研究山东省重点实验室，济南　250355
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241209-k0002
  CLC：
- Received：09 December 2024，
  
  Online First：04 March 2026，
  
  Published：12 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Zhen, HE Teng, YAN Jinglan, et al. Localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglia for the acupoints of governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2026, 46(5): 805-810.
DOI：

ZHANG Zhen, HE Teng, YAN Jinglan, et al. Localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglia for the acupoints of governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2026, 46(5): 805-810. DOI： 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20241209-k0002.

摘要

目的：

基于神经示踪技术探究督脉头面部腧穴在三叉神经节（TG）的定位和分布规律，为“督脉入络脑”理论提供科学依据。

方法：

采用SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠开展三部分实验，第一部分实验：随机选取9只小鼠，分为水沟组、百会组和印堂组，每组3只，将荧光金（FG）分别注射于“水沟”“百会”“印堂”，观察示踪剂在TG和背根神经节（DRG）的表达；第二部分实验：随机选取3只小鼠，将FG注射于“水沟”，羰花菁基类绿色染料Dio注射于“百会”，羰花菁基类红色染料Dil注射于“印堂”，观察在同一只小鼠TG上3种示踪剂表达情况；第三部分实验：依据三叉神经不同分支选取眼支（V1）“印堂”、上颌支（V2）“水沟”和下颌支（V3）“廉泉”（任脉腧穴），分别注射不同颜色示踪剂Dio、FG、Dil，观察三者表达情况。注射7 d后，灌注固定并取出TG和DRG进行冰冻切片，观察示踪剂在TG和DRG的表达。

结果：

①印堂组小鼠TG中FG密度高于水沟组和百会组（

0.01，

0.05），百会组小鼠FG密度高于水沟组（

0.05）。百会组小鼠DRG出现示踪剂表达，印堂组和水沟组小鼠DRG未出现示踪剂表达；百会组小鼠第二背根神经节（DRG2）中FG密度高于第一背根神经节（DRG1，

0.01）和第三背根神经节（DRG3，

0.01）。②“百会”“印堂”注射示踪剂后在TG头侧部存在较多共标；“水沟”注射示踪剂与“百会”“印堂”不存在共标。③“印堂”注射示踪剂后阳性表达的神经元数量占比高于“水沟”和“廉泉”；“廉泉”注射示踪剂后表达的神经元与督脉腧穴“印堂”“水沟”不在同一区域。

结论：

督脉头面部腧穴在TG和部分DRG存在特定神经元分布规律，为“督脉入络脑”理论及针刺督脉治疗疾病机制提供了较为明确的神经解剖依据。

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the localization and distribution pattern in trigeminal ganglion (TG) for the acupoints of the governor vessel on the head and face based on neurotracing

so as to provide the scientific evidence for the theory

"the governor vessel enters the brain".

Methods

SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were collected in three-part experiment. In the first part

9 mice were randomly collected and divided into Shuigou (GV26) group

Baihui (GV20) group

and Yintang (GV24

) group

3 mice in each one. Fluorogold (FG) was injected into these points

respectively. The expression of the tracer in TG and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was observed. In the second part

3 mice were randomly collected and FG was injected into "Shuigou" (GV26)

the carbocyanine green dye Dio was injected into "Baihui" (GV20)

and the carbocyanine red dye Dil was injected into "Yintang" (GV24

). The expression of the above 3 tracers was observed in the same mouse. In the third part

according to different branches of the trigeminal nerve

"Yintang" (GV24

) (ophthalmic branch

V1)

"Shuigou" (GV26) (maxillary branch

V2) and "Lianquan" (CV23) (mandibular branch

V3) were selected and Dio

FG and Dil were injected

respectively. The expression of these 3 tracers was observed. Seven days after injection

after perfusion and fixation

TG and DRG were harvested for frozen sectioning

and the expression of tracers was observed in TG and DRG.

Results

(1) FG density in TG was higher in the Yintang (GV24

) group

compared with that in the Shuigou (GV26) group and the Baihui (GV20) group (

0.01

0.05)

and FG density in the Baihui (GV20) group was higher the than that in Shuigou (GV26) group (

0.05). The tracer in DRG was expressed in the Baihui (GV20) group

but absent in the Yintang (GV24

) g

roup and the Shuigou (GV26) group. FG density in the 2nd DRG (DRG2) was higher than that in the 1st DRG (DRG1) and the 3rd one (DRG3) in the Baihui (GV20) group (

0.01). (2) After tracer injection into "Baihui" (GV20) and "Yintang" (GV24

)

a great number of co-labeling were observed in the head lateral region of TG. The tracer in "Shuigou" (GV26) was not co-labled with "Baihui" (GV20) and "Yintang" (GV24

). (3) After tracer injection

the positive expressed neurons in "Yintang" (GV24

) were more than those in "Shuigou" (GV26) and "Lianquan" (CV23). The positive expressed neurons in "Lianquan" (CV23) were not distributed in the same region as "Yintang" (GV24

) and "Shuigou" (GV26).

Conclusion

There is a specific neuronal distribution pattern in the TG and some DRG for the acupoints of the governor vessel on the head and face. The findings provide a relatively clear neuroanatomical basis for the theory

"the governor vessel enters the brain"

and the mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of diseases through the governor vessel.

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