Objective

2

To evaluate the performance of a newly developed intelligent acupuncture robot that simulates human manual acupuncture techniques through an animal experiment using miniature pigs.

Methods

2

Two 3-month-old

Bama

miniature pigs were selected. One pig was used for the manual needling techniques of the practitioner

and the other pig was used for the intelligent acupuncture robot. The acupoints selected were ＂Qiangfeng＂ ＂Bojian＂ ＂Xiaokua＂ ＂Huiyang＂ (BL 35) and ＂Baihui＂ (GV 20)

with a straight insertion depth of 25-35 mm. The manipulation techniques

including lifting-thrusting and twisting at a frequency of 90 times/min

were applied for 1 min

with 30 s each for lifting-thrusting (10 mm amplitude) and twisting (180° angle). The practitioner's needling techniques were captured using an optical motion capture system

and the collected data were input into the intelligent acupuncture robot for replication on the second miniature pig. A complete needling session of five acupoints was considered one round

and three rounds were performed per session

every other day

for a total of five sessions

completing 15 rounds. The Fréchet distance method was used to compare the robot's replicated needling data with the practitioner's data

and curve fitting analysis was conducted to evaluate the robot's performance and precision.

Results

2

The intelligent acupuncture robot achieved a total completion rate of 96.00% for 75 needling operations

with a non-completion rate of 4.00%. The robot's replication of the practitioner's needling techniques showed a good fit

with many characteristic points overlapping. The average Fréchet distance was 18.67. The Fréchet distance for the lifting-thrusting and twisting techniques at Baihui (GV 20) and ＂Huiyang＂ (BL 35) acupoints was smaller than that at ＂Xiaokua＂ and ＂Qiangfeng＂ points (

P

<

0.01). The accuracy of the lifting-thrusting technique at ＂Xiaokua＂ and ＂Qiangfeng＂ acupoints was lower than the twisting technique (

P

<

0.01).

Conclusion

2

The intelligent acupuncture robot is able to replicate the pre-recorded manual needling parameters with a high degree of accuracy.