This paper introduces the academic characteristics of Professor

ZHANG Ren

in treatment with acupuncture for refractory eye diseases in modern times

guided by "homotherapy for heteropathy" (same therapy for different diseases sharing the same pathogenesis). The refractory eye diseases in modern times include a variety of conditions such as glaucoma

macular degeneration

diabetic retinopathy

high myopia and its complications

dry eye

cortical visual impairment and genetic eye diseases. The same therapy is used because these diseases share the similar location and pathogenesis. Professor

ZHANG

optimizes the methods of acupoint selection and provides the comprehensive prescriptions

"basic prescription

prescription based on disease differentiation

and supplementary prescription". A variety of acupuncture manipulation techniques are operated in clinical practice

such as compound needling methods

penetration needling

manipulations for promoting

qi

movement and conducting

qi

flow. "Early

regular and persistent" treatment is the common requirement with "the same acupoints

the same prescription and the same acupuncture method" as well as at "the same time". It is also proposed that the treatment should be provided flexibly according to the different symptoms

"identifying the differences within similarities".