The system of hand-

yin

meridians is relatively complete in the current acupuncture-moxibustion theory represented by

Meridian and Acupoints

the teaching material

but there are still many theoretical problems and clinical application difficulties remained. Based on the cross-verification of excavated documents and handed-down medical books for generations

the paper summarizes and analyzes the existing problems

and systematically sorts out the characteristics of

zangfu

disorders in terms of three

yin

meridians of ha

nd

the diagnosis by palpation along the forearm skin

and acupoint indications. It is pointed out that these

zangfu

disorders are not simply dominant as heart and lung diseases

but presented as a complex syndrome with thorax and abdomen involved. These findings not only suggest the limitation of the current theory

but also provide an objective basis for the construction of a new diagnosis and treatment system. Depending on which

the four-tier diagnosis framework of hand-

yin

meridians is discussed preliminarily

including meridian

collateral

tendon/sinew and cutaneous region. The clinical indications and application approaches are summarized by focusing on acupoint indications

with pathological reaction points supplemented and stratified acupuncture intervention combined. Finally

the limitations of the hand-

yin

meridian theory are concluded

aiming to provide theoretical support for the reconstruction of the modern clinical diagnosis and treatment paradigm of acupuncture and moxibustion for hand-

yin

meridian disorders.